{"id":22719,"date":"2019-02-06T10:10:49","date_gmt":"2019-02-06T08:10:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.onisilos.gr\/?p=22719"},"modified":"2019-02-05T18:23:47","modified_gmt":"2019-02-05T16:23:47","slug":"%ce%b1%ce%bd%cf%84%ce%b1%ce%b3%cf%89%ce%bd%ce%b9%cf%83%ce%bc%ce%bf%ce%af-%ce%ba%ce%b1%ce%b9-%cf%83%cf%85%ce%bc%ce%bc%ce%b1%cf%87%ce%af%ce%b5%cf%82-%cf%83%cf%84%ce%b1-%cf%83%cf%8d%ce%bd%ce%bf%cf%81","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.onisilos.gr\/?p=22719","title":{"rendered":"\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af \u039a\u03b1\u03b9 \u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c7\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03a3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03a3\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1 \u03a4\u03b7\u03c2 Heartland. \u0397 \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u039a\u03b1\u03b9 \u0395\u03a3\u03a3\u0394 \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03a4\u03bf\u03bd \u0391\u2019 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\u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u00a0\u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u03a3\u03a3\u0394 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u201c\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2\u201d \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b7\u03c4\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1, \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0392\u03b5\u03c1\u03c3\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03b7 \u0395\u03a3\u03a3\u0394 \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7, \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03a1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u0395\u03bc\u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf \u03a0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_22720\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-22720\" style=\"width: 690px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-22720 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.onisilos.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/a.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"690\" height=\"434\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.onisilos.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/a.jpg 690w, https:\/\/www.onisilos.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/a-300x189.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 690px) 100vw, 690px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-22720\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u03a4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u03c5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0391\u2019 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u03a4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2\u00a0\u2013\u00a0\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7,\u00a0\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1\u03b4\u03ae, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c8\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03b3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc status quo. \u0397 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5, \u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2, \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03c0\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0392\u03b5\u03c1\u03c3\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac. \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03c5\u03bf \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03b8\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c7\u03b8\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u03a3\u03a3\u0394 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03cc \u201c\u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c7\u03bf\u201d. \u0398\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03b4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5, \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03bc\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03ac \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03cc \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1: \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c0\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u201c\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u201d \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bf \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 (Carr, 2017).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u03a3\u03a3\u0394, \u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c0\u03cc\u03bd, \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7. \u0388\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9. \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af \u00ab\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2\u00bb \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03af, \u03b7 \u03a3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2-\u03c1\u03b5\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2. \u03a7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Vladimir Lenin \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03ae\u03c2: \u00ab\u0397\u00a0\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03ad\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03b2\u03c5\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf \u03bc\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c3\u03b5\u03b2\u03af\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c9\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03a1\u03c9\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u00bb. \u03a4\u03b7\u03bd \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf, \u03b4\u03b5, \u03bf Karl Radek, \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03ad\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c9\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03b4\u03ad\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c7\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u03a3\u03a3\u0394, \u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd (\u0398\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2, 2015).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u03a5\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1921, \u03b7 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1. \u03a4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5, \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1, \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ad\u03b4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2. \u03a4\u03bf \u03a3\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7 \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u0392\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03bf. \u03a3\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1, \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u03a3\u03a3\u0394, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03be\u03b5\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03bf\u03c0\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd (Carr, 2017).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u0397 \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7 \u03a4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a1\u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u03a4\u03bf\u03bd \u0391\u03c0\u03c1\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1922, \u03b7 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u0395\u03a3\u03a3\u0394 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u0393\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1, \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u0391\u03bd\u03ce\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf \u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03ac\u03c7\u03c9\u03bd. \u03a3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b7\u03c4\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0391\u2019 \u03a0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b8\u03ad\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd. \u03a4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03bf\u03b9 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03af, \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03a3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af, \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c5\u03c0\u03ad\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c8\u03b1\u03bd, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 16 \u0391\u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 1922, \u03c4\u03b7 \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a1\u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf (Rapallo) \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd\u03c5\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7. \u0397 \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03b2\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03b5, \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03c8\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 (Winkler, 2011).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u0397 \u0394\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u039a\u03b1\u03b9 \u0397 \u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae \u03a4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039b\u03bf\u03ba\u03ac\u03c1\u03bd\u03bf<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u0397 \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a1\u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u0392\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u0393\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03af\u03b1, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ac\u03be\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1 (Winkler, 2011). \u03a5\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u2013\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03c5\u03c7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u2013 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd 1\u03b7 \u0394\u03b5\u03ba\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 1925, \u03b7 \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039b\u03bf\u03ba\u03ac\u03c1\u03bd\u03bf (Locarno), \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c0\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b7 (\u0392\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1, \u0393\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03af\u03b1, \u0392\u03ad\u03bb\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf, \u0399\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1)\u00a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c1\u03b9\u03b6\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac. \u0386\u03c6\u03b7\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd, \u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9, \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03ad\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03bd\u03ad\u03bf \u03b5\u03b4\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2. \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd, \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u039a\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0395\u03b8\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd (\u039a\u03c4\u0395). \u0397 \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039b\u03bf\u03ba\u03ac\u03c1\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03cd\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2. \u03a4\u03bf 1924, \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b7\u03b3\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u039d\u03c4\u03cc\u03bf\u03c5\u03b6 (Dawes) \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u0397\u03a0\u0391, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03b2\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03ca\u03ba\u03ae \u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b6\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf \u03b4\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 (\u03a4\u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2, 1996).<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_22721\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-22721\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-22721\" src=\"https:\/\/www.onisilos.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/b.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"359\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.onisilos.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/b.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.onisilos.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/b-300x215.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.onisilos.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/b-768x551.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-22721\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2 \u039b\u03bf\u03ba\u03ac\u03c1\u03bd\u03bf: (\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03be\u03b9\u03ac) \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c2 \u0395\u03be\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd Gustav Stresemann, \u0392\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c2 \u0395\u03be\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd Austen Chaberlain \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03a0\u03c1\u03c9\u03b8\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0393\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 Aristide Briand<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b7 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u03a3\u03a3\u0394. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 24 \u0391\u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 1926, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0392\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03c5\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1, \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03c7\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7. \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b7 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03c5\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c9\u03c2, \u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039a\u03c4\u0395 , \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03b9\u03b6\u03b5 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b4\u03af\u03ba\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0395\u03a3\u03a3\u0394 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u0397 \u03bd\u03ad\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03ad\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u0394\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7. \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u2019 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac, \u03b7 \u0392\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u0393\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7, \u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03c5\u03c7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b1\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1. \u038c\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03ae\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bf Austen Chamberlain, \u0392\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c2 \u0395\u03be\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd, \u00ab\u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03a3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03a1\u03c9\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2\u00bb. \u03a0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0392\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ae\u03c1\u03be\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bc\u03ac\u03ba\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7. \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5, \u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9, \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u0394\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0395\u03c5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b7 (\u03a4\u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2, 1996).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u039f\u03b9 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03a3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u0388\u03c9\u03c2 \u039a\u03b1\u03b9 \u03a4\u03bf 1933<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u03a4\u03bf \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf 1933. \u0397 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03b6\u03b5 \u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u2013 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf 1929 \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf 1931, \u03b7 \u0395\u03a3\u03a3\u0394 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03ae\u03b3\u03b1\u03b3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf 10,9% \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ac\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03b6\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf 46,5%. \u0397 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u03bf \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd. \u0397 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5, \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b4\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u03a3\u03a3\u0394, \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u2013\u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03a4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u2013 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03be\u03b1\u03bd\u00a0\u03c4\u03bf 1928\u00a0\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u039a\u03c4\u0395 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03c0\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd (Radomska, 2006).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u039f\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1931, \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0395\u03b8\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0395\u03a3\u03a3\u0394 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae. \u0397 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Hitler, \u03c4\u03bf 1933, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03b4\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd, \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c1\u03ae\u03be\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0395\u03a3\u03a3\u0394, \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bd\u03ad\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c6\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 Ribbentrop-Molotov,\u00a0\u03c4\u03bf 1939 (\u0398\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2, 2015).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u0399\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u0397 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u03a3\u03a3\u0394, \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0391\u2019 \u03a0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7, \u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b7 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bf \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf. \u03a0\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1, \u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 Otto von Bismarck \u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03a1\u03c9\u03c3\u03af\u03b1, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c7\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03a4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd (Dreikaiserbund),\u00a0\u03c4\u03bf 1881.\u00a0\u03a3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0393\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c9\u03c0\u03b1. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1, \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ce\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a1\u03c9\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u0392\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c1\u03c5\u03be\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03b4\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03c2.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b1,\u00a0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0391\u03cd\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1939,\u00a0\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03a3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03bf \u03bc\u03b7 \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c2 \u2013\u00a0\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc \u03c9\u03c2 \u03a3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03bf Ribbentrop-Molotov. \u039c\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Hitler \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a1\u03ac\u03b9\u03c7 (Reich), \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Stalin \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ce\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03af\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0395\u03a3\u03a3\u0394, \u03b7 \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03c5\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ae\u03bd\u03b7, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0395\u03a3\u03a3\u0394 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u0392\u03b1\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u0392\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf 1881 (Passant et al, 1960).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u0395\u03c0\u03af\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bb\u03b7\u03c0\u03c4\u03ae \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2: \u03b7 \u03cd\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b7 \u0393\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u0392\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1. \u0397 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba \u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03bb\u03ae \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03a1\u03c9\u03c3\u03af\u03b1. \u039a\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2. \u0397 \u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c7\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03a4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b7\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u0393\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c8\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2. \u03a4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1920,\u00a0\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a1\u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0392\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u03a3\u03a3\u0394 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03c1\u03ad\u03c9\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u0392\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u0393\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03b9\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c8\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ac\u03c4\u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0392\u03b5\u03c1\u03c3\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd. \u03a4\u03bf \u03a3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03bf Ribbentrop-Molotov \u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c8\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2, \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u0393\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03af\u03b1, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03b9\u03ce\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u0392\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b7\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0395\u03c5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b7. \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03a1\u03c9\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Bismarck, \u03c4\u03bf 19\u03bf \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Hitler, \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd 20\u03cc, \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bf\u03b4\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ae\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03bb\u03ce\u03b2\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf \u03b1\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u0397 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c7\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u2013\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c6\u03cc\u03b2\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0394\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u2013 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af, \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0392\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u00a0Sir Halford Mackinder (1861-1947). \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03af\u03c4\u03bb\u03bf \u201cThe Geographical Pivot of History\u201d, \u03c4\u03bf 1904, \u03bf Mackinder \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03be\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u0395\u03c5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u2013\u03b7 \u201c\u03a0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u039d\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2\u201d, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9\u2013 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7, \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b9\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd. \u039f\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a1\u03c9\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 Heartland, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u039d\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5, \u03bf \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03af\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf \u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b7\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1\u03c2. \u039a\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03af \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03b7 \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0395\u03c5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b7. \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Mackinder,\u00a0\u00ab\u038c\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0395\u03c5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b7, \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u00a0Heartland\u00b7\u00a0\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u00a0Heartland, \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03a0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u039d\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u00b7 \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03a0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u039d\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf, \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u00bb.\u00a0\u039c\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03bb\u03ae, \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc, \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c7\u03af\u03b1 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2-\u03a1\u03c9\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03ae \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a1\u03c9\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 (Mackinder, 1904).<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_22722\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-22722\" style=\"width: 357px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-22722 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.onisilos.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/c.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"357\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.onisilos.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/c.jpg 357w, https:\/\/www.onisilos.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/c-223x300.jpg 223w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 357px) 100vw, 357px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-22722\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Halford Mackinder<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u039a\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ac\u03be\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u039d\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd, \u03ae\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 19\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1. \u03a0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ce\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039d\u0391\u03a4\u039f \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0395\u03c5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b7, \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u0388\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u039c\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0392\u03b1\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc, \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc, \u03b7 \u0394\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b6\u03ce\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af, \u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2, \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a1\u03c9\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c0\u03b7 \u0395\u03c5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9, \u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 Heartland.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Carr, E. (2017).\u00a0\u039c\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03ae \u0399\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u0395\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u0395\u03ba\u03b4\u03cc\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2\u00a0\u03a0\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03ba\u03b7.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u0398\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2, \u0397. (2015).\u00a0\u039f\u03b9 \u0395\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03a3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc \u0391\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1: \u03a1\u03c9\u03c3\u03af\u03b1, \u039a\u03af\u03bd\u03b1, \u0392\u03b9\u03b5\u03c4\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc, \u039a\u03bf\u03cd\u03b2\u03b1. \u0395\u03ba\u03b4\u03cc\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u0399. \u03a3\u03b9\u03b4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Mackinder, H. (1904).\u00a0The Geographical Pivot of History.\u00a0The Geographical Journal, XXIII(4). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iwp.edu\/docLib\/20131016_MackinderTheGeographicalJournal.pdf\">https:\/\/www.iwp.edu\/docLib\/20131016_MackinderTheGeographicalJournal.pdf<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Passant, E., Henderson, W., Child, C. and Watt, D. (1960).\u00a0A Short History of Germany 1815 \u2013 1945. Cambridge University Press.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Radomska, S. (2006).\u00a0Soviet \u2013 German Relations in the Interwar Period. S\u00f6dert\u00f6rns\u00a0H\u00f6gskola\u00a0University College.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.diva-portal.org\/smash\/get\/diva2:16401\/FULLTEXT01.pdf\">https:\/\/www.diva-portal.org\/smash\/get\/diva2:16401\/FULLTEXT01.pdf<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u03a4\u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2, \u03a0. (1996).\u00a0\u03a3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7 \u0395\u03c5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03ae \u0399\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1, \u03a4\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u0392\u2019. \u0395\u03ba\u03b4\u03cc\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u0395\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03b1.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Winkler, H. (2011).\u00a0\u0392\u03b1\u03ca\u03bc\u03ac\u03c1\u03b7: \u0397 \u0391\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7 \u0394\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1. \u0395\u03ba\u03b4\u03cc\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03a0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03c2.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Central Intelligence Agency. (1963).\u00a0Current Intelligence Memorandum, Subject: The Rapallo Treaty.\u00a0Office of Current Intelligence (OCI) No. 2435\/63,31 July 1963.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/readingroom\/docs\/CIA-RDP79T00429A001200010035-8.pdf\">https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/readingroom\/docs\/CIA-RDP79T00429A001200010035-8.pdf<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">The Avalon Project. (1922).\u00a0German-Russian Agreement, April 16, 1922 (Treaty of Rapallo).\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/avalon.law.yale.edu\/20th_century\/rapallo_001.asp\">http:\/\/avalon.law.yale.edu\/20th_century\/rapallo_001.asp<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">10.The Avalon Project. (1926).\u00a0Treaty of Berlin Between the Soviet Union and Germany, April 24, 1926.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/avalon.law.yale.edu\/20th_century\/berlin_001.asp#art3\">http:\/\/avalon.law.yale.edu\/20th_century\/berlin_001.asp#art3<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">*\u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c6\u03bf\u03b9\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03a4\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u0394\u03b9\u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u0395\u03c5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03a3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03c2. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03be\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03ba\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b8\u03ad\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03a1\u03c9\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 &#8211; \u0395\u03c5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u039c\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0394\u03b9\u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03a3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b7 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03bf.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u03a0\u0397\u0393\u0397:https:\/\/powerpolitics.eu\/tag\/heartland\/<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>4\/2\/2019 \u03a4\u039f\u03a5 \u00a0\u0399\u03a9\u0386\u039d\u039d\u0397 \u03a7\u039f\u03a5\u039b\u0399\u0386\u03a1\u0391* \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b5\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03ae \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1,\u00a0\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03a1\u03c9\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2\u00a0\u2013\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u00a0\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2\u2013\u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2. \u0388\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c0\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 &hellip; <\/p>\n<div class='heateorSssClear'><\/div><div  class='heateor_sss_sharing_container heateor_sss_horizontal_sharing' data-heateor-sss-href='https:\/\/www.onisilos.gr\/?p=22719'><div class='heateor_sss_sharing_title' 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